DNA from the Beginning
Table of Contents; People Index; Keyword Index
Table of Contents
Concepts: 1 - 14, 15 - 28, 29 - 41
Classical Genetics
Concept 1 Children resemble their parents.
(Gregor Mendel: introduction)
Concept 2 Genes come in pairs.
(Gregor Mendel: genetic alleles)
Concept 3 Genes dont blend.
(Gregor Mendel: inheritance)
Concept 4 Some genes are dominant.
(Gregor Mendel: dominance)
Concept 5 Genetic inheritance follows rules.
(Punnett squares)
Concept 6 Genes are real things.
(rediscovery of Mendels laws)
Concept 7 All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
(mitosis)
Concept 8 Sex cells have one set of chromosomes; body cells have two.
(meiosis)
Concept 9 Specialized chromosomes determine gender.
(sex chromosomes)
Concept 10 Chromosomes carry genes.
(fruit fly genetics)
Concept 11 Genes get shuffled when chromosomes exchange pieces. (genetic recombination)
Concept 12 Evolution begins with the inheritance of gene variations.
(early plant genetics, evolution)
Concept 13 Mendelian laws apply to human beings.
(sex-linked genes, early human genetics)
Concept 14 Mendelian genetics cannot fully explain human health and behavior.
(eugenics)
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Molecules of Genetics
Concept 15 DNA and proteins are key molecules of the cell nucleus.
(DNA and amino acid discovery and structure)
Concept 16 One gene makes one protein.
(relating genes and protein function)
Concept 17 A gene is made of DNA.
(Oswald Avery: DNA as the transforming principle)
Concept 18 Bacteria and viruses have DNA too.
(conjugation, Hershey and Chase experiment)
Concept 19 The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder.
(Watson and Crick: 3-D structure of DNA)
Concept 20 A half DNA ladder is a template for copying the whole.
(DNA replication)
Concept 21 RNA is an intermediary between DNA and proteins.
(RNA transcription, translation)
Concept 22 DNA words are three letters long.
(genetic code, translation)
Concept 23 A gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides.
(DNA sequencing)
Concept 24 The RNA message is sometimes edited.
(RNA splicing, exons, introns)
Concept 25 Some viruses store genetic information in RNA.
(retroviruses, reverse transcriptase)
Concept 26 RNA was the first genetic molecule.
(RNA/DNA evolution)
Concept 27 Mutations are changes in genetic information.
(DNA mutations)
Concept 28 Some types of mutations are automatically repaired.
(DNA repair)
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Genetic Organization and Control
Concept 29 DNA is packaged in a chromosome.
(DNA packaging, chromatin)
Concept 30 Higher cells incorporate an ancient chromosome.
(mitochondrial DNA)
Concept 31 Some DNA does not encode protein.
(non-coding, "junk" DNA)
Concept 32 Some DNA can jump. (McClintock: "jumping" genes, transposons)
Concept 33 Genes can be turned on and off.
(lac operon, control of gene expression)
Concept 34 Genes can be moved between species.
(DNA transformation, insulin production in bacteria)
Concept 35 DNA responds to signals from outside the cell.
(cell signaling, interferon pathway)
Concept 36 Different genes are active in different kinds of cells.
(gene expression, gene chip and DNA array technology)
Concept 37 Master genes control basic body plans.
(fruit fly gene expression, development)
Concept 38 Development balances cell growth and death.
(cell cycle, cell death)
Concept 39 A genome is an entire set of genes.
(Human Genome Project)
Concept 40 Living things share common genes.
(DNA homology between species)
Concept 41 DNA is only the beginning for understanding the human genome.
(gene targeting, proteomics)
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People Index
(other indexes)
Key
A = Animation
G = Gallery
V = Video
B = Biography
P = Problem
* = Nobel Laureate
A B C D F G H J K L M N O P Q R S T V W Z
A
Allen, Garland
concepts 7 V; 9 V; 10 V; 11 V; 12 V; 13 V; 14 V
Avery, Oswald
concept 17 A, G, B
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B
*Baltimore, David
concept 25 A, G, V, B
*Beadle, George
concept 16 A, G, B
Benzer, Seymour
concept 27 A, G, B
*Bishop, Michael
concept 40 A, G, B
Boveri, Theodor
concept 8 A, G, B
Boyer, Herbert
concept 34 A, G, B
*Brenner, Sydney
concept 21 A, G, B
Britten, Roy
concept 31 A, G, V, B
Brown, Pat
concept 36 A, G, B
Burgoyne, Leigh
concept 29 A
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C
*Capecchi, Mario
concept 41 A, G, B
Carlson, Elof
concept 27 V
*Cech, Thomas
concept 26 A, G, B
Chargaff, Erwin
concept 19 A
Cohen, Stanley
concept 34 A, G, B
Collins, Francis
concept 39 A, G, V, B
Correns, Carl
concept 6 A, G, B
*Crick, Francis
concepts 19 A, G, B; 21 A
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D
Darnell, James
concept 35 A, G, V, B
Davenport, Charles
concepts 13 A; 14 A, G, B
Dawid, Igor
concept 36 A, G, B
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F
Flemming, Walther
concept 7 A, B
Fodor, Stephen
concept 36 A, G, B
Franklin, Rosalind
concept 19 A, G, B
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G
Gesteland, Raymond
concept 26 V
*Gilbert, Walter
concept 33 V
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H
Hanahan, Doug
concept 34 A, G, V, B
*Hartwell, Leland
concept 38 A, G, B
Hengartner, Michael
concept 38 A, G, V, B
*Hershey, Alfred
concept 18 A, G, V, B
Hewish, Dean
concept 29 A
Hoagland, Mahlon
concept 21 A, G, B
*Horvitz, Robert H.
concept 38 A, G, B
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J
*Jacob, Francois
concept 33 A, G, B
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K
*Kornberg, Arthur
concepts 20 A, G, V, B; 29 G
*Kornberg, Roger
concept 29 A, G, V
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L
Leder, Phil
concept 22 A
*Lederberg, Joshua
concept 16 V; 18 A, G, V, B
Levene, Phoebus
concept 15 A, G, B
*Lewis, Edward
concept 37 A, G, B
Lowe, Scott
concept 38 A, G, V, B
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M
McCarty, Maclyn
concept 17 V, B
*McClintock, Barbara
concept 32 A, G, B
McCombie, Richard
concept 23 V
Mendel, Gregor
concepts 1 A, B; 2 A, G; 2 A; 4 A, G
Meselson, Matthew
concept 20 A, G, V, B
Miescher, Freidrich
concept 15 A, G, B
Miller, Stanley
concept 26 A, G, B
*Monod, Jacques
concept 33 A, G, B
*Morgan, Thomas Hunt
concept 10 A, G, B
*Muller, Hermann
concept 27 A, G, B
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N
*Nirenberg, Marshall
concept 22 A, G, V, B
*Nusslein-Volhard, Christiane
concept 37 A, G
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O
Olby, Robert
concepts 1 V; 2 V; 3 V; 4 V; 5 V; 6 V
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P
Paabo, Svante
concept 27 V
Punnett, Reginald
concept 5 A, G, B
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Q
Queen Victoria
concept 13 A
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R
*Roberts, Richard
concept 24 A, G, V, B
Rupert, Claud (Stanley)
concept 28 A, G, B
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S
Sakmar, Thomas
concept 15 V
*Sanger, Frederick
concept 23 A, G, B
Sargent, Thomas
concept 36 A, G, V, B
Sauer, Brian
concept 41 A, G, B
Schwann, Theodor
concept 6 A, B
Setlow, Jane
concept 28 V
Setlow, Richard
concept 28 G, V, B
*Sharp, Phil
concept 24 A, G, V, B
Shull, George
concept 12 A, G
Stahl, Frank
concept 20 A, G, V, B
Stevens, Nettie
concept 9 A, G, B
Sturtevant, Alfred
concept 11 A, G, B
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T
*Temin, Howard
concept 25 A, G, B
Tschermak-Seysenegg von, Erich
concept 6 A, G, B
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V
*Varmus, Harold
concept 40 A, G, B
Venter, J. Craig
concept 39 A, G, V, B
Vries de, Hugo
concept 6 A, G, B
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W
Wallin, Ivan
concept 30 A, B
*Watson, James
concepts 19 A, G, V, B; 39 A
*Wieschaus, Eric
concept 37 A, G, V, B
Wigler, Michael
concept 40 A, G, V, B
*Wilkins, Maurice
concepts 19 A, B; 29 A
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Z
Zamecnik, Paul
concept 21 A, G, V, B
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Keyword Index
(other indexes)
Key
A = Animation
G = Gallery
V = Video
B = Biography
P = Problem
A B C D E G H I L M N O P R S T U V X Y
3' or 5'
concepts 15 A; 19 V
A
Activator (Ac)
concept 32 A, V
adenine
concepts 15 A; 19 A; 20 A; 21 A; 22 A; 23 A, P; 26 A; 28 A
agarose gel electophoresis
concepts 23 A; 24 A, V, B; 29 A
alkaptonuria
concepts 13 B, P; 16 A
allele
concepts 2 A; 4 A, P; 5 A, P; 11 A; 16 A
amino acid
concepts 15 A, V, B; 16 A
apoptosis (cell death)
concept 38 A, P
Antennapedia
concept 37 A, G
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B
bacterium/bacteria (see Escherichia coli)
bacteriophage
concepts 18 A; 27 A; 39 A
base pair
concept 19 A
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C
cell cycle
concept 38 A
Central Dogma
concepts 21 A, B; 25 A, B
centromere
concepts 7 A; 8 A; 39 A
chromatid
concepts 7 A; 8 A; 31 A
chromatin
concept 29 A
chromosome
concepts 8 A, B; 9 A, V, B; 10 A, V, B; 11 A, V, G, B; 29 A, V, P
cloning
concepts 34 A, V; 39 A
codon
concepts 22 A, V, B; 23 A
complementary DNA (cDNA)
concepts 19 A; 20 A; 22 A; 36 A; 39 A
conjugation
concept 18 A
crossing-over
concepts 11A, V; 27 A
cytosine
concepts 15 A; 19 A; 20 A; 21 A; 22 A; 23 A, P; 26 A; 28 A
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D
DNA
concepts 17 A; 19 A; 20 A
DNA array
concept 36 A, V, B, P
density gradient centrifugation
concepts 20 A, V, B, P; 21 A
dideoxynucleotide
concept 23 A
diploid
concept 8 A
Dissociator (Ds)
concept 32 A, V
dominant
concepts 4 A, P; 5 A, P; 13 A, P
Drosophilia melanogaster (fruit fly)
concepts 10 A, V, P; 11 A, V, P; 27 A; 37 A, G, V, P; 39 A
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E
Escherichia coli (bacteria)
concepts 18 A, P; 34 A, V, P
eugenics
concept 14 A, G, P
evolution
concept 12 A, G, V, B
exon
concepts 24 A, P; 26 A; 34 A
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G
gene
concepts 6 A; 10 A; 11 A, 12 A, 16 A
gene chip
concept 36 A, V, B
genome
concepts 30 A; 39 A, V
guanine
concepts 15 A; 19 A; 20 A; 21 A; 22 A; 23 A, P; 26 A; 28 A
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H
haploid
concept 8 A, P
histone
concept 29 A, G, P
homeotic gene
concept 37 A, V, P
homolog
concepts 11 A, 40 A
Human Genome Project
concepts 39 A, V, G, B; 41 A
hybrid
concepts 5 A, B; 12 A, P
hybridization
concept 31 A, B
hydrogen bond
concept 19 A
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I
insulin
concept 23 A, B
interferon
concept 35 A
intron
concepts 24 A, P; 26 A
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L
lac operon
concept 33 A, V, B, P
linkage
concept 11 A, B
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M
mapping (see restriction mapping)
meiosis
concepts 8 A, G, B; 11 A
messenger RNA (mRNA)
concepts 21 A, G, B; 22 A, P; 24 A, G, V, B; 31 A; 39 A
mitosis
concepts 7 A, B, P; 8 A
mitochondrial DNA
concept 30 A, V, P
mutation
concepts 27 A, G, V, B; 28 A; 32 A
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N
Neandertal
concept 30 V, P
Neurospora crassa (bread mold)
Concept 16 A, G
nitrocellulose
concept 36 A
nitrogenous bases
concepts 15 A, P; 19 A
nuclease
concepts 17 A, P; 25 A, P
nuclein
concept 15 A
nucleotide
concepts 15 A; P; 23 A, P
nucleus
concepts 7 A, P; 8 A, P; 30 A
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O
oncogene
concept 40 A
operator
concept 33 A, P
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P
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
concept 39 A
pedigree
concepts 13 A, P; 14 A, P
phage (see bacteriophage)
phenotype
concepts 2 A; 4 A; 5 A, P; 10 A, P; 11 A, P
plasmid
concepts 33 A; 34 A; 39 A
polylinker
concept 34 P
polymerase
DNA: concept 20 A, V
RNA: concepts 21 A; 33 A
polynucleotide
concept 15 A, P
polypeptide
concept 15 A
proinsulin
concept 34 A
prokaryote
concept 18 A
promoter
concepts 33 A; 37 A
protease
concepts 17 A, P; 25 A, P
protein
concept 15 A
phosphate
concepts 15 A; 23 A
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R
RNA
concepts 21 A, P; 26 A, V, P; 24 A, G, V, P; 25 A, V, P
radioactive probe/tag
concepts 18 A; 20 A; 21 A; 23 A; 25 A, P
reading frame
concepts 22 A, P; 27 A
receptor
concepts 33 A; 35 A, P
recessive
concepts 4 A, P; 5 A, P; 13 A, P
recognition sequence
concepts 24 A, P; 34 A, P
recombination
concepts 11 A, V, P; 27 A; 32 A
repressor
concept 33 A, V, P
restriction enzyme
concepts 24 A, V, P; 34 A, P; 39 A
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
concept 39 A
restriction mapping
concepts 24 A, P; 39 A
retrovirus
concept 25 A, G, V
reverse transcriptase
concepts 25 A, V, P; 36 A; 39 A
ribosome
concepts 21 A; 22 A
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S
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)
concepts 38 A; 40 A
selectable marker
concepts 18 A, P; 27 A; 34 A, P
semi-conservative replication
concept 20 A, V, P
signal transduction
concept 35 A, P
splicing
concept 24 A, P
stem cells
concept 41 A
sticky ends
concept 34 A, P
stop codon
concepts 22 A, P; 27 A
subtractive hybridization
concept 36 A, V
supercoiling
concept 29 A, G, V, P
supernatant
concepts 17 A; 20 A; 21 A; 25 A, P, 35 A
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T
template
concepts 20 A; 21 A; 22 A; 23 A; 24; 25 A, B; 26 A; 31 A
termination codon (see stop codon)
thymine
concepts 15 A; 19 A; 20 A; 21 A; 22 A; 23 A, P; 26 A; 28 A
trait (see phenotype)
transcription
concept 21 A
transfer RNA (tRNA)
concept 21 A, V
transformation
concept 34 A, V
transforming principle
concept 17 A
transgenic
concept 41 A
translation
concepts 21 A; 22 A, V, P
translocation (see recombination)
transposon
concept 32 A, V, B, P
trypsin
concept 25 A, P
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U
Ultrabithorax
concept 37 A
uracil
concepts 21 A, P; 22 A, P; 26 A
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V
vector
concept 41 A, P
virus (see also retrovirus)
concepts 18 A; 25 A, G, B; 27 A; 24 B
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X
X-ray crystallography
concepts 19 A, B; 20 B
X-ray diffraction
concepts 19 A; 29 A
X-linked mutation
concepts 10 A; 14 A; 27 A, V
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Y
yeast (see Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
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©
Copyright Dolan DNA Learning Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Cold Spring Harbor, NY
