Concept 19 The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder.

Links

RasMol and Chime: Molecular Visualization Freeware

Highly recommended. Download and install the Chime plug-in and you can look at DNA as you've never seen it before. Chime is a program that allows you to rotate, move and look at molecules in your web browser.

Access Excellence

As part of their archives on favorite classroom activities submitted by high school biology and life sciences teachers, the transcript of an interview with Dr. Francis Crick is available.

LionBook Web site

Developed by the authors of Biology, the Living Science, this web site has the Watson and Crick paper: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid, and also A Reader's Guide to James D. Watson's The Double Helix. There are also interesting essays on the process of scientific discovery.

Crystallography 101

This site is from Dr. Bernhard Rupp's lab at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and has a tutorial on X-ray crystallography.

Left-handed DNA Hall of Fame/Wall of Shame

This web site is maintained by Tom Schneider at the National Institutes of Health. As he says, "many artists will flip a picture of DNA over and reverse the twist [from right-handed to left-handed]... This error has become so pervasive that even well-known scientists, major scientific journals and institutes make it." His web site has a collection of these mistakes.

Bibliography

• Baldwin, Joyce, 1994, DNA Pioneer: James Watson and the Double Helix, Walker and Company, New York.
• Crick, Francis, 1988, What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery, Basic Books, Inc., New York.
• Dunn, L.C., 1991, A Short History of Genetics: The Development of Some of the Main Lines of Thought: 1864-1939, Iowa State University Press, Ames.
• Judson, Horace Freeland, 1979, The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology, Simon and Schuster, New York.
• Lagerkvist, Ulf, 1998, DNA Pioneers and Their Legacy, Yale University Press, New Haven.
• Morange, Michel, 1998, A History of Molecular Biology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• Nobel Lectures in Molecular Biology 1933-1975, 1977, Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., New York.
• Olby, Robert, 1974, The Path to the Double Helix: The Discovery of DNA, Dover Publications, Inc., New York.
• Portugal, Franklin H., and Cohen, Jack S., 1977, A Century of DNA: A History of the Structure and Function of the Genetic Substance, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, U. S. A.
• Rosenfield, Israel, Ziff, Edward, and Van Loon, Borin, 1983, DNA for Beginners, Writers and Readers Publishing, Inc.
• Sayre, Anne, 1975, Rosalind Franklin & DNA, W. W. Norton and Company, New York, New York.
• Stubbe, Hans, 1972 (English Translation), History of Genetics, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• Sturtevant, A. H., 1965, A History of Genetics, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York.
• Sweeny, Brian, ed. 1999, Maurice Wilkins, DNA Enabler, The New Zealand Edge, NZEDGE.COM, 2000.
• Taylor, J. Herbert, 1965, Selected Papers on Molecular Genetics, Academic Press, New York.
• Watson, James D., 1987, Molecular Biology of the Gene, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., Menlo Park, California.
• Watson, James D., 1980, The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.